While explaining the suggestions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China about the formulation of China’s 13thFive-year Plan for Social and Economic Development, Xi Jinping pointed out that China’s development of science and technology innovation has entered a new stage in which China has been transformed from mostly a follower to an association of follower, parallel runner and leader, all in simultaneous company. To complete the transformation, it is necessary to focus on key technologies and areas. Based on the studies on innovation directions of disruptive technologies from agencies in advanced countries, this article makes suggestions concerning major areas that merit strategic attention in China.