A competition for prosperity and national strength among countries comes down to a competition for human capital. Economic development and comprehensive improvements in the strength of a nation or region largely depend on the quantity and quality of its human resources. A country’s advantage in talent becomes its advantage in economic strength. Therefore many countries and organizations have different talent evaluation indexes to indicate human resource development. Based on an analysis of international systems of talent evaluation indexes, this article presents the different features of the systems and China’s ranking according to the systems. The author also makes suggestions for China to improve its human resources development in light of the international talent competitiveness indexes.